What Are Arterial Leg Ulcers?

An arterial leg ulcer is a type of open sore that typically forms on the lower leg, ankle, or foot. Unlike other ulcers that may heal with time and care, arterial ulcers develop when blood circulation is compromised due to narrowed or blocked arteries. Without enough oxygen-rich blood reaching the tissues, the skin and underlying layers break down, creating painful wounds that are often difficult to heal.

Without proper treatment, arterial leg ulcers may result in infections and other serious health complications. That’s why it’s so important to seek specialized care from experts who understand the complexities of wound healing. Learn more about professional treatments on our arterial leg ulcers service page.

What Causes Arterial Leg Ulcers?

The primary cause of arterial leg ulcers is poor blood circulation, usually linked to peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD happens when fatty deposits, known as plaque, build up inside the arteries and restrict blood flow. When blood flow is restricted, the legs and feet don’t receive enough oxygen and nutrients, which can result in tissue breakdown and the development of ulcers. Here are some of the most common arterial ulcer causes explained in detail:

1. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

PAD is one of the leading risk factors for arterial ulcers. As arteries narrow, it becomes harder for blood to travel efficiently to the legs and feet. People with PAD often experience cramping, numbness, or cold feet, which can make them more vulnerable to slow-healing wounds.

2. Atherosclerosis

This condition, often referred to as the “hardening of the arteries,” occurs when plaque builds up along the artery walls. Over time, the arteries lose their flexibility and become narrower, which restricts circulation. Atherosclerosis not only raises the risk of heart attack and stroke but also contributes significantly to the development of arterial ulcers.

3. Smoking

Smoking damages the arteries, lowers oxygen levels in the bloodstream, and speeds up the formation of plaque within blood vessels. Even light or occasional smoking can significantly increase the risk of arterial ulcers. Quitting smoking is one of the most effective ways to improve circulation and reduce the likelihood of ulcers forming.

4. Diabetes

Diabetes is a major contributing factor to arterial ulcers. High blood sugar damages blood vessels over time, making circulation problems worse. Combined with nerve damage (neuropathy), which can reduce the ability to feel pain, ulcers may form and worsen before they are noticed.

5. High Blood Pressure and High Cholesterol

Both conditions strain the arteries, making them weaker and more prone to damage. High cholesterol in particular contributes to plaque buildup, which narrows arteries and reduces circulation to the lower limbs.

6. Obesity and Physical Inactivity

Carrying excess weight increases pressure on the lower limbs and can worsen circulation issues. Inactivity compounds the problem, as regular movement is essential for healthy blood flow.

7. Age and Family History

Older adults are more likely to experience arterial changes and reduced circulation. In addition, those with a family history of vascular disease may have a genetic predisposition to arterial ulcers.

8. Trauma or Injury

Sometimes, even a small injury to the leg or foot can lead to an arterial ulcer if blood flow is already compromised. Because the body struggles to deliver healing resources, a minor cut or scrape may progress into a painful, non-healing wound.

By understanding these arterial ulcer causes, patients and caregivers can better recognize the risk factors and take proactive steps toward early diagnosis and treatment.

Common Symptoms of Arterial Ulcers

Recognizing the symptoms of arterial ulcers early is vital for getting timely treatment. Some of the most common signs include:

• Severe pain in the affected leg or foot – pain often worsens when legs are elevated and may improve when hanging down.
  
  
• Cool or pale skin – caused by limited circulation.
  
  
• Ulcers often appear as small, circular sores with sharply defined edges, giving them a punched-out look.
• Skin near the wound may look smooth, stretched, or lack hair growth.
  
  
• Slow-healing sores – wounds that don’t heal within weeks should be checked immediately.
  
  
• Discoloration of toes or feet – can signal reduced circulation.

If you notice these symptoms, it’s important to consult a wound care specialist as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications.

Conclusion

Arterial leg ulcers are a serious condition caused by poor circulation and underlying health issues such as peripheral artery disease, atherosclerosis, smoking, and diabetes. Knowing the key arterial ulcer causes and recognizing the symptoms of arterial ulcers early can make all the difference in protecting your health. If you suspect you may have an arterial leg ulcer or want to explore effective treatment options. For personalized care and expert guidance, Contact us today.